![]() In the case of friars, time was to be spent evangelizing the population around the monastery. Under the Rule, much of the day and night was to be divided between the recitation of the Liturgy of the Hours, study and devotional reading, the celebration of Mass and periods of solitude. She immediately talked to him about her reformation projects for the Order: she was seeking to restore the purity of the Carmelite Order by reverting to the observance of its "Primitive Rule" of 1209, which had been relaxed by Pope Eugene IV in 1432. She was staying in Medina to found the second of her new convents. ![]() In Medina he met the influential Carmelite nun, Teresa of Ávila. ![]() His journey from Salamanca to Medina del Campo, probably in September 1567, became pivotal. He subsequently thought about joining the strict Carthusian Order, which appealed to him because of its practice of solitary and silent contemplation. Joining the Reform of Teresa of Ávila Statues representing John of the Cross and Teresa of Ávila in Beas de Segura There he met Fray Luis de León, who taught biblical studies ( Exegesis, Hebrew, and Aramaic) at the university. In the following year (1564), he made his first vows and enrolled in Salamanca University, where he studied theology and philosophy. In 1563 he entered the Carmelite Order, adopting the name John of St. The Society of Jesus was at that time a new organisation, having been founded only a few years earlier by the Spaniard St. Growing up, John worked at a hospital and studied the humanities at a Jesuit school from 1559 to 1563. While studying there, he was chosen to serve as an altar boy at a nearby monastery of Augustinian nuns. They were given some food, clothing, and lodging. In Medina, John entered a school for 160 poor children, mostly orphans, to receive a basic education, mainly in Christian doctrine. As a result, John's mother Catalina moved with John and his surviving brother Francisco, first to Arévalo in 1548, and then in 1551 to Medina del Campo, where she was able to find work. Two years later, John's older brother, Luis, died, probably as a result of malnourishment due to the poverty to which the family had been reduced. John's father died in 1545, while John was still only around three years old. In 1529 Gonzalo married John's mother, Catalina, who was an orphan of a lower class he was rejected by his family and forced to work with his wife as a weaver. His father, Gonzalo, was an accountant to richer relatives who were silk merchants. He was born Juan de Yepes y Álvarez at Fontiveros, Old Castile, into a converso family (descendants of Jewish converts to Catholicism) in Fontiveros, near Ávila, a town of around 2,000 people. Life Early life and education Statues in Fontiveros of John of the Cross, erected in 1928 by popular subscription by the townspeople Part of a series on In 1926, he was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XI, and is also known as the "mystical doctor". He was canonized by Pope Benedict XIII in 1726. Both his poetry and his studies on the development of the soul are considered the summit of mystical Spanish literature and among the greatest works of all Spanish literature. ![]() He was mentored by and corresponded with the older Carmelite, Teresa of Ávila. John of the Cross is known for his writings. He is a major figure of the Counter-Reformation in Spain, and he is one of the thirty-seven Doctors of the Church. John of the Cross, OCD (Spanish: Juan de la Cruz Latin: Ioannes a Cruce born Juan de Yepes y Álvarez 24 June 1542 – 14 December 1591) was a Spanish Catholic priest, mystic, and Carmelite friar of converso origin.
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